更新时间:2024-03-15 09:32:08
大家好,我是小环,我来为大家解答以上问题。有机化学方程式高中,有机化学方程式很多人还不知道,现在让我们一起来看看吧!
1、CH4 -------hv CH4+Cl2→CH3Cl+HCL -------点燃 CH4+2O2→→CO2+2H2O(完全燃烧) -------点燃 CH4+O2→→CO+2H2O(不完全燃烧) ----1000℃ CH4→→→C+2H2 C2H6的性质与CH4相似。
2、 C2H4 -------点燃 C2H4+3O2→→2CO2+2H2O(完全燃烧) --------催化剂、加热、加压 2C2H4+O2→→→→→→→→→→2CH3CHO 3C2H4+2KMnO4+4H2O→→HOCH2CH2OH+2MnO2↓+2KOH 5C2H4+8KMnO4+12H2SO4→→10HCOOH+8MnSO4+4K2SO412H2O ------------CCl4 CH2=CH2+Br2→→BrCH2CH2Br ----------Ni、△ CH2=CH2+H2→→→CH3CH3 ----------ACl3、△ CH2=CH2+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl ------------催化剂、加热、加压 CH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→CH3CH2OH ------------催化剂、加热、加压 nCH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→[CH2CH2]n(不好表示) CH3CH2OH ------------点燃 CH3CH2OH+3O2→→2CO2+3H2O(完全燃烧) ------------催化剂 2CH3CH2OH+O2→→→2CH3CHO+2H2O 2CH3CH2OH+2Na→→→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑ -------------ZnCl2 CH3CH2OH+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl+H2O --------浓硫酸、170℃ CH3CH2OH→→→→→→CH2=CH2↑+H2O --------浓硫酸、140℃ CH3CH2OH→→→→C2H5OC2H5+H2O CH3CH2OH+H2SO4→→→C2H5OSO3H+H2O ----------------浓硫酸、△ CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O ---------------浓硫酸、△ CH3CH2OH+HNO3→→→→→→CH3CH2ONO2+H2O CH3COOH 2CH3COOH+2Na→→→2CH3COONa+H2↑ 2CH3COOH+Na2O→→→2CH3COONa+2H2O CH3COOH+NaOH→→→CH3COONa+H2O CH3COOH+NH3→→→CH3COONH4 CH3COOH+NaHCO3→→→CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O ----------------浓硫酸、△ CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O ----------紫外光 C6H6+3Cl2→→→→C6H6Cl6 ----------催化剂 C6H6+Cl2→→→→C6H5Cl+HCl ---------浓硫酸、△ C6H6+HNO3→→→→→→C6H5NO2+H2O ------------△ C6H6+H2SO4→→→C6H5SO3H+H2O 小结: 1.取代反应 2.加成反应 (C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2 (C17H35COO)3C3H5 3.氧化反应 2C2H2+5O2 4CO2+2H2O 2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O 2CH3CHO+O2 CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH +2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O 4.还原反应 5.消去反应 C2H5OH CH2═CH2↑+H2O CH3—CH2—CH2Br+KOH CH3—CH═CH2+KBr+H2O 6.酯化反应 7.水解反应 C2H5Cl+H2O C2H5OH+HCl CH3COOC2H5+H2O CH3COOH+C2H5OH (C6H10O5)n+nH¬2O nC6H12O6 淀粉 葡萄糖 8.聚合反应 9.热裂 10.烷基化反应 11.显色反应 6C6H5OH+Fe3+ [Fe(C6H5O)6]3-+6H+ (紫色) 有些蛋白质与浓HNO3作用而呈黄色 12.中和反应。
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